Urology

Urology

Urology is the medical science that examines the female and male reproductive organs and urinary tract. It examines the diagnosis and treatment process of all diseases related to organs such as kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra, penis, testicles, scrotum and prostate gland. Urology incorporates both urinary tract infection and urinary system surgical interventions. The name given to all diseases related to the reproductive system and urinary tract is known as "urogenital disorders".
 
The urology system deals with the reproductive and excretory systems, especially in men. In women, it mostly deals with the diseases of the excretory system. Since the reproductive system and the excretory systems in women should be examined as a whole, urology works with a gynecologist.

Urology is divided into sub-disciplines within itself. These can be counted as andrology, pediatric urology, female urology, neurourology, endourology and urooncology.
 
Andrology: Andrology is one of the sub-branches of urology that deals with sexual dysfunctions. Sexual health of men and women and infertility in men are common and studied diseases. Basic researches such as all anatomical, physiological and biochemistry are carried out in such disorders. The most common complaints about this area are sexual reluctance in men and women, pain syndromes in the reproductive organs, disorders in the structure of the penis and male infertility. In diseases with hormonal problems, treatments are carried out together with endocrinology and psychiatry specialists. The solution to male infertility is in vitro fertilization.
 
Pediatric Urology: It is a sub-discipline developed for urology diseases in children. Such diseases in children can show symptoms quite late. However, thanks to the advanced technology developed in recent years, even abnormalities related to the baby are examined in the ultrasound environment and the treatment process is started as soon as it is born. Apart from these, urology help is sought in cases such as urinary problems, gender ambiguity or swelling in the genitals, which may be experienced in newborn babies or older ages. Apart from this, disorders such as frequent urination, pain in the kidneys, faulty circumcision, day or night urinary incontinence are also examined.
 
Female Urology: It is a sub-discipline that includes two branches, urogynecology. Diseases such as sagging of the pelvic organ, urinary incontinence and overactive bladder are dealt with. 60% of women between the ages of 20 and 70 have these diseases. Since the causes of the diseases vary according to the person, the decision to be made for treatment also has a personal medical or surgical feature.
 
Neurourology: It is a sub-discipline that examines urinary excretion problems caused by disorders of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Necessary treatments are carried out for the diagnosis of diseases that occur as a result of complaints such as urinary problems experienced at night and frequent urination.
 
Endourology: It is a sub-discipline that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of stones in the urinary tract and kidneys. Treatments can be done in many ways, depending on the size and frequency of the stones.
 
Urooncology: It is a sub-discipline that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of urological organ cancers such as bladder, kidney, prostate or testis. If diagnosed early, very good responses to treatment are obtained. In all kinds of urinary disorders such as blood in the urine, swelling in the ovaries even if it is painless, pain in the abdominal cavities, it is absolutely necessary to seek the help of a specialist urologist.
 
Urological Tests and Surgical Interventions
In urological problems, the general health status of the patient is examined and some tests may be requested for a more detailed examination of the disease. Common tests are:
 
MRI scan or CT scan to pinpoint the disease
Ultrasound (Doppler USG, transrectal USG, urinary USG),
Urine test against infection risks,
Cystogram of the bladder with the help of X-rays,
The use of a cystoscope necessary for visualization of the urinary tract,
Urodynamic tests required for intra-bladder pressure and volume measurement,
Voiding cystourethography (VSUG),
Biopsy against cancer risk,
Blood tests necessary for the examination of the urinary system,
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test,
Semen analysis,
Urine flow test,
Rectal touch examination.
 
After the necessary tests are done, surgical intervention may be required during the treatment process. The operating techniques that are generally used in patient treatment are as follows:
 
Classical operations (kidney, bladder, urinary tract, prostate, testicular diseases),
Percutaneous stone surgery (kidney stones)
Radical prostate surgeries,
Laparoscopic surgeries,
endoscopic surgeries,
Microscopic surgeries (in the treatment of infertility),
Microvaricocelectomy.

Which Diseases Does Urology Treat?
Urology is a surgical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving the urinary tract and male reproductive organs in women, men and children. Urology deals with the treatment of diseases such as:

What Does Urology Look For in Men?
Kidney, penis, testis, bladder, adrenal and prostate gland cancers,
Infertility,
Kidney stone,
kidney diseases,
Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland),
prostate gland enlargement,
urinary tract infections (UTIs),
Enlarged veins or varicose veins in the scrotum
premature ejaculation,
Impotence,
pain in testicles
 
What Does Urology Look For in Women?
Bladder, kidney and adrenal gland cancers,
overactive bladder,
Leaving the bladder into the vagina or bladder prolapse,
Kidney stone,
Interstitial cystitis,
UTIs,
urinary incontinence
 
What Does Urology Look For in Children?
urinary incontinence,
Problems with urinary tract structure and obstructions,
Presence of undescended testis,
Swelling and/or redness on the foreskin,
penile diseases

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